Biomechanical study of internal fixation methods for undisplaced femoral neck fractures with osteoporosis based on the Pauwels angle: Fixed angle device versus three cannulated screws

Results indicate the need for FAD when treating Pawels Type III FNF with osteoporosis, since FAD fixation exhibited superior mechanical stability compared to 3-CSs. However, for the Pauwels Type I FNF, both fixation methods provided comparable stability. When considering the implant's simple and minimally invasive features, the clinical use of 3-CSs may be applicable. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating the Pauwels angle when determining the optimal fixation method for undisplaced FNF.