Cryogenic photonic link using an extended-InGaAs photodiode and short pulse illumination toward high-fidelity drive of superconducting qubits

We investigate short pulse illumination of a high-speed extended-InGaAs photodiode at cryogenic temperatures toward its use in control and readout of superconducting qubits. First, we demonstrate high detector responsivity at 1550 nm illumination at 20 mK, a wavelength band unavailable to cryogenic standard InGaAs detectors due to the temperature-dependent bandgap shift. Second, we demonstrate an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the shot noise limit for cryogenic short optical pulse detection when compared with conventional modulated continuous-wave laser detection. At 40 μA of photocurrent and a detector temperature of 4 K, short pulse detection yields an SNR improvement of 20 dB and 3 dB for phase and amplitude quadratures, respectively. Last, we discuss how short pulse detection offers a path for signal multiplexing, with a demonstration of simultaneous production of microwave pulses at two different carrier frequencies. Together, these advancements establish a path toward low noise and power efficient multiplexed photonic links for quantum computing with a large number of superconducting qubits.