INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO PROTECT TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE : FROM CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY TO CONVENTION OF GENETIC RESSOURCES, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSION

For decades, indigenous peoples have used knowledge and skills to survive, adapt, and heal, based on what their living environment provides, and utilizing these resources to eat, clothe, and heal.These skills have been passed down from generation to generation and have evolved with the evolution of biological data and the environment in which the individual lives.This knowledge is called traditional knowledge, and it appears in three areas: Technical know-how related to the health of the individual and the health of the environment.Genetic resources, represented by the potential values of plants, animals and microorganisms.Traditional cultural expressions such as music, art, models, drawings and performance.This knowledge has recently become the subject of piracy and infringement by Northern countries, which infringe on it and then patent it, granting them a monopoly that prevents the original owners from exploiting it.Since the 1960s, the international legislator has been trying to find international legal protection that inspires national legislation, based on drawing the ecological, biotechnological and cultural boundaries of countries, to live away from the fear of the South countries stealing their original traditional knowledge, so he tried to apply known legal systems to protect these skills, including some in the legal protection of traditional cultural heritage, others under the intellectual property system, and another team called for the creation of a special system.