Nucleon gravitational form factors
Abstract A symmetry-preserving analysis of strong interaction quantum field equations is used to complete a unified treatment of pion, kaon, and nucleon electromagnetic and gravitational form factors. Findings include a demonstration that the pion near-core pressure is roughly twice that in the proton, so both are significantly greater than that of a neutron star; parton species separations of the nucleon’s three gravitational form factors, in which, inter alia , the glue-to-quark ratio for each form factor is seen to take the same constant value, independent of momentum transfer; and a determination of proton radii orderings, with the mechanical (normal force) radius being less than the mass-energy radius, which is less than the proton charge radius. This body of predictions should prove useful in an era of experiments that will enable them to be tested.
Authors
- Sebastian M. Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-1532)
- Craig D. Roberts (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-1361)
- Yin-Zhen Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-3004)
- J. Rodrı́guez-Quintero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-5717)
- Zhu-Fang Cui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-0242)
- Khépani Raya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8225-5821)
- Daniele Binosi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-4689)
- Zhao-Qian Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-6994)
- Minghui Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-1690)
Institutions
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (DE)
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (IT)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Universidad de Huelva (ES)
- Nanjing University (CN)
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal A
- Published
- 2025-05-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01557-x
- Citations
- 22
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 41.14
Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Government of Jiangsu Province
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Junta de Andalucía