An Energetic Approach for Comparing Monomaterial Compliant Bistable Mechanisms

Abstract Shape-morphing systems offer multiple functionalities in a single part by leveraging compliance and bistability principles. Compliant mechanisms, composed of flexible structural elements, derive motion from deflection rather than from traditional joints. Structures exhibiting two stable equilibria are termed bistable. These bistable mechanisms can replace complex rigid body assemblies, enhancing modularity. However, their application is challenging due to the lack of comprehensive methods for comparing mechanical behaviors qualitatively and quantitatively. This research introduces a novel methodology for investigating the energetic properties and actuation symmetry of bistable mechanisms. Utilizing systematic review and meta-analysis, the study categorizes a dataset of articles into two classes, providing a robust reference for studying bistable mechanisms. The analysis focuses on how critical parameters such as motion type and shape affect behavior and actuation symmetry, using load–displacement curves and related energy metrics. The findings present a new method to identify key parameters and offer valuable design guidelines for developing compliant, single-part, and sustainable mechanisms.