Battery supporting device to reduce current transients: Co-design of the power stage and an adaptive control

Batteries are essential in energy storage systems, powering applications ranging from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems. However, high current during transient events compromises their performance and lifespan. This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of a supporting device that mitigates battery degradation by absorbing or delivering high-current derivatives. The supporting device is based on a Ćuk converter and an auxiliary capacitor. This converter features continuous input and output currents, which protect storage devices. Based on a process of co-design of the power and control stages and driven by stability and dynamic performance criteria, the methodological process was defined. The main contributions are: an innovative design that reduces current ripple, improving efficiency and protecting second-life batteries; self-adjusting sliding mode controller (ASMC) ensures dynamic stability against disturbances, optimizing energy management and avoiding damaging peaks in the battery; strategy directs high-frequency transients to the ultracapacitor, minimizing stress on the reused EV battery and slowing its degradation; a co-design methodology that synchronizes the Ćuk converter with the ASMC, ensuring systemic stability and improving the reliability of the HESS; tests and simulations confirm that the system is synchronized with the ASMC, ensuring systemic stability and enhancing the reliability of the HESS. • Design and implementation of a battery supporting devie to mittigate battery degradation caused by high current derivatives. • Co-design procedure for the power stage and its control system to ensure global stability. • Adaptive control strategy, based on sliding-mode theory, to ensure consisten performance in any operation condition.