Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a 5-month-old infant with IBD post-COVID-19: a case report

Rare genetic variants play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of VEO-IBD, particularly in infants diagnosed before the age of one. These cases often demonstrate resistance to various immunosuppressive therapies and have a poor prognosis with conventional treatments. Our findings highlight the potential increased risk of severe HLH in patients with VEO-IBD and concurrent COVID-19, underscoring the need for comprehensive and vigilant differential diagnosis when patients exhibit symptoms suggestive of multi-organ damage.