A circular economy roadmap for African and Indian Ocean developing island states

The concept of a circular economy has gained momentum in recent years and presents potential for African and Indian Ocean islands. Although some businesses and governments have adopted circular economy practices, these efforts are not yet widespread, and there is limited support to fully unlock the potential of circular economy in these countries. This paper proposes a roadmap for African and Indian Ocean islands state governments and businesses to promote circular economy development. The roadmap uses in-country stakeholder consultations and experiences to propose actions to fill legal gaps while fostering the integration and harmonisation of actions towards circular economy; to enhance circular economy literacy at all levels through education and awareness campaigns; to improve waste collection, sorting, recycling, and treatment; to improve monitoring capabilities and prevent harmful practices by introducing, supporting, and upscaling activities that promote better natural flow management and regeneration; and to support businesses structurally and financially to adopt or transition to circular business models. The roadmap's applicability in national contexts is discussed, considering the differences between countries and the small-scale nature of most African and Indian Ocean islands. The paper also suggests the possibility of extending the roadmap to other small island developing states (SIDSs) and emphasises the vital role of regional economic communities and the African Union in advancing the circular economy. Additionally, the circular economy roadmap is discussed in relation to the blue economy.