THE PHENOMENON OF GEOMETRY IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING

The The article examines the concept of geometry as an indispensable component of the built environment. It analyzes the extent to which geometry has influenced the development of architecture and urban planning throughout different historical periods, starting from Ancient Egypt. The study identifies key geometric principles, which have shaped architectural forms across human history. The research also delves into the role of geometric characteristics in architectural design, both in terms of aesthetics and function. The article discusses how geometry has been applied not only to define the visual aspects of buildings but also to optimize spatial organization, enhancing the practical and spiritual dimensions of architectural objects. Special attention is given to the application of modular systems and proportional relationships, which were crucial in shaping not only individual architectural elements but also the overall structure of urban environments, ensuring spatial coherence and functionality. The article highlights the enduring importance of geometry in architectural theory and practice, demonstrating its role in achieving balance, functionality, and symbolic meaning in various architectural styles throughout history. Geometry is not merely a technical tool for form-making but a foundational principle that guides the visual and structural composition of architectural works. The study also emphasizes the use of geometric proportions and patterns to create buildings that resonate with cultural and philosophical ideals. Through the analysis of historical applications, the article illustrates how geometry plays a vital role in shaping architectural environments.