PROBLEMS OF THE INFLUENCE OF URBAN PLANNING FACTORS ON ENERGY-EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF M. ISFAHAN, IRAN

This article investigates the impact of urban planning factors on the architecture of school buildings in District 3 of Isfahan, with a focus on energy efficiency. The study explores key urban design elements such as the length, volume, and height of buildings, as well as their location within the urban fabric. It also analyzes how the placement of schools within the city affects energy consumption for lighting, heating, and cooling. Special attention is given to school facades, which act as filters between the urban environment and internal school spaces, affecting energy performance by moderating heat transfer and light penetration.The article further examines the efficiency of urban streets and pathways in reducing the energy consumption of schools. In District 3 of Isfahan, where schools are situated near main roads, the urban design must consider the impact of vehicular traffic, which contributes to energy loss and noise pollution. Solutions like the use of double-skin facades are proposed to mitigate these effects, thereby enhancing the energy performance of school buildings.Moreover, the analysis highlights the importance of the surrounding urban landscape in shaping energy use in educational facilities. The spatial arrangement of buildings and the classification of urban routes around schools play a critical role in managing energy resources. The height system of educational buildings, ranging from single-story primary schools to multi-story high schools, is also evaluated for its impact on energy consumption, with taller buildings presenting specific challenges in terms of heating and cooling efficiency.The paper concludes by identifying how the layout of urban spaces — such as the proximity of schools to streets, the presence of green areas, and the orientation of buildings — can contribute to optimizing energy consumption in educational facilities. Urban planning strategies that prioritize pedestrian access and reduce reliance on cars are highlighted as effective measures for enhancing the energy efficiency of schools.In addition, the research touches upon the cultural and environmental context of Isfahan, emphasizing the significance of architectural adaptations to the region's hot and dry climate. This climate necessitates specific urban planning and architectural solutions to minimize energy losses while ensuring a comfortable indoor environment. The study provides insights into sustainable design practices that can be employed to create energy-efficient educational spaces in the region.