TRANSPORT FUNCTION OF RIVERS IN CITIES

The advantage of riverside cities is the presence of waterways, ports, wharves, river stations, places of recreation, scenic views, etc. River and sea ports are the main urban-forming factor of many cities: the development of the port determines the development of the city that is formed around it, and the development of the city, accordingly, affects the development and functioning of the port. River transport has a number of advantages over road and rail transport. Inland waterways that are part of the national network of international transport corridors include the Dnieper deep-water highway, the Danube and the Southern Buzy waterways. Ukraine has a powerful system of navigable rivers, but it does not use its potential. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the collapse of the Soviet Union significantly affected the state of domestic shipping. The experience of active use of river transport by European countries demonstrates its energy efficiency, cheapness and environmental friendliness. The technical condition of the river fleet of Ukraine is constantly deteriorating. The development of inland waterways of Ukraine is hampered by the following factors: • depth unevenness and changing navigation conditions; • imperfect, outdated, missing and underdeveloped infrastructure; • aging and shortage of the modern cargo and technical fleet; • lack of systematic personnel policy and lack of qualified personnel; • non-competitive working conditions compared to other modes of transport; • the presence of ports requires certain conditions for the planning structure of cities; • imperfect legislation that does not provide clear regulation, does not create an attractive investment climate, and instead creates an excessive bureaucratic burden. River transport is energy efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly. It serves cargo flows for which the rhythm of delivery is not important, but speed. Ukraine has a considerable unrealized potential of transportation by river transport - up to 25-30 million tons of cargo, which is 2-3 times more than today. The main obstacles to the development of domestic river transport are dredging, renewal of river infrastructure, and fleet, adoption of legislative and regulatory initiatives. The formation of logistics hubs near river ports is important. The concept of the revival of domestic shipping is aimed at the development of shipping lanes, port logistics centers, which will directly affect the sustainable development of coastal cities. «Technical and economic justifications», «Schemes of placement of port facilities», and other urban planning documentation are able to give an impetus to the revival and further development of domestic shipping.