VILLAS OF GALICIA AND TRANSCARPATHIA RESORTS late XIX-mid XX century - REPRESENTATIVES OF MODERN RECREATIONAL SETTLEMENTS

The article analyses historical analogues of residential resort villas, which became forerunners of a new modern type of recreational multi-format settlements, particularly for the Western region of Ukraine. The main focus of this study is on villas and mini-hotels, as one component of the resort, of different functional directions in Galicia and Transcarpathia in the late 19th - to mid-20th centuries. The end of the XIX century in Europe was marked by the rapid development of industry, construction of new transport routes, including railways. Villages and towns, through which the railway tracks were laid, received great opportunities for development. This process did not bypass the recreational and resort industry. New resort and recreational areas of different directions were opened: medical, sanitary and therapeutic, balneological, climatic, landscape and recreational areas. There appeared completely new branches of recreation for the masses - active mountain hiking with an extensive network of tourist shelters. These changes did not bypass the cities and villages of western Ukraine, the lands of which at that time were part of Austria-Hungary and Romania, and after 1918 - Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania.In a relatively short historical period, a large number of architecturally interesting resort and recreational facilities appeared on these lands. Of particular interest are the then villas and mini-hotels of the resorts. According to modern researchers they became prototypes of modern recreational settlements. The geography of resort and recreational facilities of modern Galicia and Transcarpathia is quite extensive. Several centres of attraction can be distinguished, which are conditioned by the presence of healing waters and special natural and climatic conditions. The development of the territories of the then resort and recreational towns mainly with villas and mini-hotels gave an impetus to a variety of architectural solutions. This created a unique flavour of recreational settlements. This is evidenced by the fact that this type of housing: was undoubtedly in the greatest demand among the bulk of potential consumers; and also obviously allowed the fastest possible response to the demands and challenges of the time. Today there is a clear pattern: the successful functioning, development and prosperity of such resorts occurs when it is performed by private business, but under the condition of high-quality development of professional urban planning solutions, effective planning of the territory.