The Role of Curcumin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Evidence and Mechanisms

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The underlying pathophysiology of PCOS involves chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation, contributing to reproductive and systemic complications. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has gained attention for its therapeutic potential in PCOS due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insulin-sensitizing properties. It modulates key pathological pathways by improving glucose metabolism, reducing androgen synthesis, and enhancing ovarian function. Additionally, curcumin has been shown to regulate follicular development, mitigate oxidative stress, and improve hormonal balance, making it a promising adjunct therapy for PCOS management. Emerging clinical studies suggest that curcumin supplementation may improve insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and hyperandrogenism; however, larger, well-controlled trials are required to validate these findings. Despite its promising benefits, challenges such as poor bioavailability necessitate advanced formulations for enhanced absorption. This review critically examines the mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting curcumin’s role in PCOS treatment and explores its potential integration into therapeutic strategies. Further research is essential to establish curcumin as a safe and effective complementary treatment for PCOS. Keywords: Curcumin, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, Anti-inflammatory