Multi-messenger gravitational lensing
We introduce the rapidly emerging field of multi-messenger gravitational lensing-the discovery and science of gravitationally lensed phenomena in the distant universe through the combination of multiple messengers. This is framed by gravitational lensing phenomenology that has grown since the first discoveries in the twentieth century, messengers that span 30 orders of magnitude in energy from high-energy neutrinos to gravitational waves, and powerful 'survey facilities' that are capable of continually scanning the sky for transient and variable sources. Within this context, the main focus is on discoveries and science that are feasible in the next 5-10 years with current and imminent technology including the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network of gravitational wave detectors, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and contemporaneous gamma/X-ray satellites and radio surveys. The scientific impact of even one multi-messenger gravitational lensing discovery will be transformational and reach across fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. We describe these scientific opportunities and the key challenges along the path to achieving them. This article therefore describes the consensus that emerged at the eponymous Theo Murphy meeting in March 2024, and also serves as an introduction to this Theo Murphy meeting issue.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Multi-messenger gravitational lensing (Part 2)'.
Authors
- Simon Birrer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3195-5507)
- Federica Bianco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-8727)
- Erin E. Hayes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3847-0780)
- Christine E. Collins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-7817)
- Dan Ryczanowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-3429)
- A. J. Levan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-9369)
- Tessa Baker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-7616)
- R. K. L. Lo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-6716)
- Benjamin P. Gompertz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-0548)
- Justin Janquart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-7152)
- Miguel Zumalacárregui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-6490)
- C. Chan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-4737)
- Harsh Narola (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-7919)
- G. P. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-8277)
- Inés Pastor-Marazuela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-8027)
- Bin Hu
- N. R. Tanvir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-6336)
- A. Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-8722)
- José María Ezquiaga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-3211)
- E. G. Seo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-4794)
- Srashti Goyal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4225-010X)
- H. Ubach (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-9074)
- Gavin P. Lamb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5169-4143)
- L. Nguyen Quynh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-3702)
- C. P. Haines (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-8960)
- Luka Vujeva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-8361)
- Mesut Çalışkan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-2670)
- A. Socas-Navarro Pérez
- Anupreeta More (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-7076)
- M. Wright (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7482)
- Anowar J. Shajib (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-888X)
- O. A. Hannuksela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3887-7137)
- M. Nicholl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-3192)
- Xikai Shan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3201-061X)
- Soheb Mandhai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-4585)
- M. Hendry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-5405)
- L. E. Uronen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3487-5036)
- D. Keitel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-626X)
- J. Poon
- E. Colangeli
- Phurailatpam Hemanta
Institutions
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (JP)
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Atacama (CL)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (BE)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Independent University, Bangladesh (BD)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Chicago (US)
- National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL)
- Phenikaa University (VN)
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (DE)
- Vitenparken (NO)
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (ES)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IN)
- University of Portsmouth (GB)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Delaware (US)
- IAC (United States) (US)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences
- Published
- 2025-05-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0134
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.77
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Simons Foundation
- John Templeton Foundation
- Villum Fonden
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- Leverhulme Trust
- Royal Society
- European Commission
- University of Glasgow
- University of Birmingham
- National Research Foundation
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- H2020 European Research Council