Language, Identity, and Religious Bigotry: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Cyberbullying in Nigeria

Nigeria’s linguistic and religious diversity has made it a fertile ground for identity-driven discourse, often manifesting in online interactions. This study examines the intersection of language, identity, and religious bigotry in Nigeria’s digital space, using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Social Identity Theory (SIT) to explore how online discourse shapes and reinforces social divisions. The study critically analyses selected online posts, comments, and video clips to identify patterns of religious intolerance, cyberbullying, and hate speech. Findings reveal that language is not only a medium of communication, but also, a tool for constructing and maintaining social identities. Online platforms amplify religious bigotry by enabling individuals express prejudices, propagate stereotypes, and engage in cyberbullying. Various forms of cyberbullying such as trolling, hate speech, fraping, denigration, exclusion, discrimination, impersonation, to mention a few serves, to deepen religious and ethnic divides. The study highlights the role of social media in both exacerbating and mitigating religious tensions, suggesting that strategic interventions, including digital literacy programs and stricter cyber laws, are necessary for promoting tolerance and interfaith dialogue. By examining the linguistic strategies used in online religious discourse, this research contributes to a broader understanding of how digital interactions influence societal cohesion. The findings advocate for a more responsible use of language in online spaces to promote peace, tolerance, and mutual respect in Nigeria’s pluralistic society.