THE ROLE OF HORMONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FALLEN TUBE DURING THE PRENATAL PERIOD

Prenatal development of the fallopian tubes is a complex morphogenetic process regulated by a complex of hormonal factors and signalling molecules. According to modern research, hormonal dysregulation during embryogenesis can lead to various malformations of the reproductive system that manifest themselves in the postnatal period. Estrogens, antimullerian hormone, androgens and various growth factors play a special role in the formation of the fallopian tubes, which ensure proper tissue differentiation and morphogenesis through complex molecular mechanisms. In recent years, the understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of hormone action in the development of the reproductive system has significantly expanded, opening up new prospects for the prevention and correction of congenital anomalies. Modern methods of molecular biology and genetics have made it possible to identify key genes and signalling pathways that are activated by hormones and ensure successive stages of fallopian tube formation. Studies in transgenic models have demonstrated the critical role of transcription factors that are expressed under the control of hormonal signals and determine the direction of cell differentiation. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, also play an important role in regulating gene expression during reproductive organ development and can be altered by environmental endocrine factors. Understanding these processes is important not only for basic science, but also for clinical medicine, as it allows developing strategies for the prognosis, diagnosis, and prevention of reproductive disorders associated with fallopian tube abnormalities.