AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS. MODERN VIEW OF THE ISSUE (literature review)

The article discusses the relevance and problems of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in the modern world. AIT is one of the most common autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, which often leads to the development of hypothyroidism and affects the overall health. Analyzing current scientific data, there is an increase in the number of cases of this disease (6-11 % globally among the adult population) and there is a need for further research to understand its etiology, diagnosis and treatment. The disease is more common in women and has an undulating course, with possible extrathyroidal manifestations such as muscle pain, decreased performance, and cognitive impairment. AIT is associated with an imbalance in the oxidative-antioxidant balance, which contributes to oxidative stress and thyroid damage. The etiology of the disease is multifactorial, in particular, genetic factors and the environment play a significant role in the development of the disease. The study of the mechanism of free radical damage caused by reactive oxygen species will open up opportunities for the implementation and optimization of antioxidant therapy for patients with AIT to slow the progression of the disease.