2D MOF Nanozyme‐Enhanced Impedance Detector for Synergistic Biofilm Detection and Removal in Bioelectrochemical Systems

The formation of biofilm has become a significant influencing factor to microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Developing effective biofilm detection means are highly imperative for improving the efficiency of MFCs. In this study, we propose a 2D metal-organic framework (2D Cu-BDC) nanozyme-based impedance detector for the simultaneous detection and removal of bacterial biofilms. The promising induction interface features good electron transfer and biofilm attachment properties, realizing sensitive biofilm detection. The impedance response change on the functionalized 2D Cu-BDC detector was 3.5 times higher for Gram-positive bacteria biofilm and 2.7 times higher for Gram-negative bacteria biofilm compared to bare electrodes. In addition, the 2D Cu-BDC nanozyme demonstrates robust peroxidase-like activity, enabling efficient biofilm degradation at low H2O2 concentration, and further allowing for real-time monitoring of the biofilm elimination process. This study provides a novel approach to using MOF-based biosensors for the simultaneous detection and removal of biofilm in MFCs.