A Holistic Study of Merap Language Mapping in Relation to the Term Punan-Merap

This study aimed to ensure the mapping of Merap language is based on the actual language family, addressing two key questions, including (1) the classification of Merap language within Punan sub-family, and (2) the reason behind its inclusion in Punan sub-family mapping. A qualitative holistic method was adopted, combining historical and factual field data to ensure a comprehensive analysis. The primary data was derived from electronic documents, including online language mapping, and two historical documents by Victor T. King (1993) and Lontaan (1975). Through a detailed examination of these documentary sources, supported by objective and in-depth interviews, significant inaccuracies were identified in mapping the Merap language. One key issue was the historical use of the idiomatic term 'Punan-Merap', which had been misinterpreted as a basis for language mapping. The analysis results showed that Merap language did not belong to Punan sub-family. Instead, the term 'Punan-Merap' referred to a community of Punans living along the Merap River rather than indicating a linguistic relationship. Further analysis suggested that the coexistence of the Punan tribe and the Merap community in various areas of North Borneo has led to the frequent use of 'Punan-Merap' as a collective term. This term has subsequently been misrepresented in language mapping, creating the impression that Merap was a dialect or sub-language of Punan.