Ecological Situation of the Regions and Problems of Population Health

This study investigates the impact of environmental conditions on population health and mortality rates in the Republic of Uzbekistan, focusing on the city of Samarkand. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating statistical analysis with a sociological survey. Quantitative data were derived from national statistics and official health reports, and analyzed using correlation and regression methods to determine associations between atmospheric emissions and disease incidence. Forecasting was conducted using exponential smoothing to project trends in pollution levels. The sociological component involved a purposive survey of 315 respondents from three ecologically diverse districts, capturing public perceptions of environmental quality and its health implications. The results revealed a statistically significant correlation between elevated air pollution and increased rates of respiratory, cardiovascular, and immune-related diseases. The findings emphasize that environmental degradation, particularly air pollution, contributes directly to adverse health outcomes and higher mortality rates. Based on these results, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations, including modernization of industrial infrastructure, promotion of green urban initiatives, and strengthened environmental governance to mitigate pollution and safeguard public health.