Efficacy and molecular mechanisms of natural polysaccharides in the treatment of kidney diseases

Nephropathy, a term encompassing kidney diseases, refers to structural and functional changes in the kidney resulting from various factors. The prevailing treatment approaches predominantly revolve around mitigating symptoms and controlling the disease rather than offering a fundamental cure. Despite the availability of several therapeutic agents, standard treatments are limited and often accompanied by severe side effects. Thus, there is a pressing need for a safe and effective novel drug for kidney diseases. Recently, polysaccharides derived from natural resources have garnered significant attention due to their potential therapeutic effects on kidney diseases. This review aims to highlight the recent advancements in utilizing polysaccharides from natural sources for the treatment of various kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, nephritis, kidney stones, and renal fibrosis. The favorable efficacy and safety profile of polysaccharides position them as promising pharmaceuticals for kidney disease treatment.