Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Vibration and Performance in Hydrogen–Diesel Dual-Fuel Common Rail Direct Injection Engines

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of incorporating hydrogen ([Formula: see text]) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine vibration, performance, combustion, and emissions on a dual-fuel common rail direct injection engine. The load variations considered are 0, 20, and [Formula: see text] at a fixed engine speed of 2000 rpm. The dual-fuel experiments are conducted using a 5% substitution of diesel with [Formula: see text] and the implementation of 5% EGR. The engine vibrations are measured by the root-mean-square acceleration. The variables examined in this study are cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, heat release rate (HRR), and ignition delay, along with brake-specific fuel consumption and brake mean effective pressure. The highest load leads to a maximum value of peak cylinder pressure of 111.67 bar, with a peak vibration of [Formula: see text]. The values of HRR in dual-fuel modes, both without and with EGR at [Formula: see text], are 101.75 and 89.493 J/CAD, respectively. The [Formula: see text] emissions with D5H show 567 ppm, compared to 983.5 ppm with D5E5H at 40 nm load condition. Finally, using [Formula: see text] with EGR is found to reduce the emission of oxides of nitrogen ([Formula: see text]) compared to other modes of operation.