Insights into the Promising Prospect of Medicinal Plants for the Therapeutic Approaches of Alzheimer's Disease

Dementia and cognitive decline are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic, progressive neurological disorder that mostly affects the elderly. AD is caused by extracellular Amyloid-beta 42 plaques, intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau tangles, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic anomalies. The brain's cells die from faulty signal transduction caused by amyloid and tau tangles. This creates cognitive, behavioral, and mental issues. Shrinking central nervous system direct treatment exists for AD. Researchers have been screening a library of micro-inhibitor compounds or bioactive components to prevent or delay AD. The development of natural products has grown more essential due to their medicinal effects, safety profile, and bioavailability. Diverse animal model systems are being employed to examine a wide range of natural chemicals as therapeutic targets for AD and to determine if they can reverse AD. The study focuses on several pathways, including excessive tau protein digestion, β-amyloid, inflammatory reaction, and cholinergic and free radical damage, to develop effective therapies that can slow or stop AD progression. Because of its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-cholinesterase, and easy availability, diverse natural products (NPs) played an essential part in clinical studies to minimize AD symptoms and progression. In this study, medicinal plant-derived bioactive chemicals with different properties are thought to promote cognitive function and prevent AD. Therefore, this review focused on potential medicinal plant-based treatment techniques to stop or reduce AD pathogenesis and guide future research.