Impact of Dental Treatment, Including Multiple Extractions, Under General Anaesthesia on Children’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Prospective Study

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Children who undergo several dental extractions with general anesthesia (GA) may face considerable changes in their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), but there is a lack of research on this issue in the Middle East. <b>Aim:</b> This study aimed to assess how the number of dental extractions performed under general anaesthesia due to caries impacts the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children aged from three to six years. <b>Methods:</b> This prospective, single-center cohort study included parents of children aged 3-6 years undergoing dental treatment under general anaesthesia in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Parents completed the validated Arabic Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) before and after treatment to assess changes in OHRQoL. The number of extractions was recorded, and patients were grouped based on extraction frequency: high (≥mean) and low (<mean). Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the number of extractions and the effect size of OHRQoL. <b>Results:</b> Ninety-three participants met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in this study. The mean age of the children was 4.88 years (SD ± 1.06). The most common procedure performed was extraction, with a mean of 5.34 (SD ± 5.53), followed by stainless-steel crown application, with a mean of 4.03 (SD ± 2.01). No correlation between the number of extractions and the effect size in the change in OHRQoL was noted (Pearson r = -0.002, <i>p</i>-value = 0.98). <b>Conclusions:</b> Dental extractions were the most common procedure performed under GA. While multiple extractions showed no significant association with the effect size of OHRQoL, overall treatment under GA led to significant improvement. These findings highlight the need for timely intervention, parental education, and comprehensive treatment protocols. Utilizing tools like ECOHIS may aid in prioritizing high-risk cases and optimizing resource allocation in pediatric dental care.