Cystic tumor of the atrioventricular node: a case report

Primary cardiac tumors are rare anomalies, with an incidence ranging from 0.0017% to 0.03% in autopsies. Among them, atrioventricular (AV) node cystic tumors present as benign congenital anomalies located in the trigone of the atrioventricular node. This type of tumor accounts for approximately 2.7% of all primary cardiac tumors and has the potential to cause severe arrhythmias or sudden death. This article reviews AV node cystic tumors and discusses its etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Although its exact origin is still uncertain, it is considered a significant congenital anomaly because of its association with sudden cardiac death, which constitutes about 50% of cardiovascular mortality. The absence of visible macroscopic signs underlines the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with AV node localized heart block or sudden death, particularly in children, young adults, and women. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are critical, requiring a thorough evaluation of the cardiac conduction system and detailed tissue analysis. Careful investigation and prompt intervention can significantly improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death.