Surgical resection of inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma: a multidisciplinary approach and therapeutic insights

Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are rare tumors originating in smooth muscle cells, constituting 5-7% of soft tissue sarcomas. They primarily affect the inferior vena cava (IVC) and have a grim prognosis. Standard treatment is complete surgical resection (R0), which varies by tumor location. We present a female patient with IVC LMS in zone II who underwent complete en bloc tumor resection without any posterior reconstruction. No complications were notified. Complete R0 surgical resection, involving tumor mass and right kidney en bloc removal, with left renal vein ligation without reconstruction, is safe in cases with sufficient collateral venous drainage, avoiding graft reconstruction complications.