Refinements to the infra-sectional classification of Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Invasores (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae) at the rank of series: description of K. [subg. Bryophyllum sect. Invasores] ser. Invasores, K. [subg. Bryophyll

Three new series, Kalanchoe [subg. Bryophyllum sect. Invasores] ser. Invasores, K. [subg. Bryophyllum sect. Invasores] ser. Fruticosa, and K. [subg. Bryophyllum sect. Invasores] ser. Herbacea (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae), are described to accommodate, respectively, [1] a biennial, weak-stemmed species; [2] a mostly perennial, shrubby group of species with brittle-woody stems; and [3] a mostly herbaceous, soft-stemmed group of species, all of which are included in K. [subg. Bryophyllum]. The type, K. delagoensis, of K. [subg. Bryophyllum] sect. Invasores is also the type of K. ser. Invasores. Several of the species included in K. ser. Invasores, K. ser. Fruticosa, and K. ser. Herbacea are some of the most invasive kalanchoes globally. The same applies to the nothospecies that have at least one representative of either K. ser. Invasores, K. ser. Fruticosa, or K. ser. Herbacea as a parent.