Arch Length Discrepancy Analysis Comparison with the Huckaba and Moyers Method in Angle Class I Malocclusion in Surabayan Children with Mixed Dentition during the Growth and Development Phase: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in Universitas Airl

The aim of the study was to compare the ALD results obtained using the Huckaba and Moyers methods, including the segmentation and brass wire techniques, in class I Angle malocclusion in Surabayan children during the MD and GDP at Dental Hospital Universitas Airlangga.This study adopted a retrospective cross-sectional design, involving a total of 252 samples. However, only 32 samples that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed for ALD by using the Huckaba and Moyers methods. Sex, chronological age, and malocclusion angle classification were recorded. Cervical maturation vertebrae stage was conducted to determine the skeletal age, while dental age was investigated through the Demirjian method in the GDP during MD in Javanese children. Lateral cephalogram was examined to determine skeletal malocclusion based on the Steiner analysis (Sella-Nasion-A [<SNA], Sella, Nasion, B [<SNB], [SNA-SNB] <ANB).The Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests revealed nonnormal distribution and lack of homogeneity, leading to the use of nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests for identifying significant differences.In the upper and jaw, the Moyers method demonstrated a positive ALD value, whereas the Huckaba method exhibited a negative ALD value, indicating a significant difference between the groups.Discrepancy analysis revealed significant differences between the Huckaba and Moyers methods for class I Angle malocclusion in Surabayan children during MD and GDP at Dental Hospital Universitas Airlangga.