Microwave technology VS traditional gas systems for Flash Dewaxing in the art foundry

• Microwave technology reduces the dewaxing time by 73 %, reaching temperatures below 100 °C. • The microwave-based method achieves 91 % wax recovery, compared to 16 % for the conventional method. • The microwave process eliminates gas emissions such as CO and CO2, which are common in traditional methods. • This study supports the potential of microwaves to modernise artistic casting, extending applications to more complex processes such as susceptor sintering. • Technical challenges such as subsequent ceramisation were identified, but strategies are proposed to integrate it efficiently into the process. The dewaxing process in the artistic lost wax casting technique faces significant problems when using the conventional gas-fired combustion method. This approach generates gas emissions, operational risks and limited material recovery, which underlines the need to explore more sustainable and efficient alternatives. In this study, a comparative analysis is made between the conventional method and an innovative microwave (MW) based technique, evaluating variables such as processing time, temperatures reached, gas emissions, wax recovery and the properties of the recycled wax by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the use of microwaves reduces the processing time by 73 %, while maintaining temperatures below 100 °C. This avoids pyrolysis and combustion of the wax, achieving a 91 % recovery of the material compared to 16 % using the conventional method. In addition, the microwave process emits only 58.48 g of CO₂ equivalent, compared to 11.2 kg of CO₂ equivalent generated by the traditional method, reducing CO 2 emissions by 99.48 % . Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the microwave reduces energy costs by 99.26 %. This study determines that microwave technology is a sustainable and efficient alternative for the dewaxing of ceramic scale moulds in artistic casting. It also opens new possibilities in the industry by offering a cleaner, more cost-effective and environmentally friendly method. Its advantages include increased material recovery efficiency, a significant reduction of the carbon footprint and precise control of the thermal process, positioning it as a promising solution for modernising traditional casting techniques and incorporating this technology into the sector.