Analysis and development of correction procedures for airborne irradiance measurements: From raw data to geophysical products

• Airborne pyrgeometer/pyranometer irradiance data from two campaigns were analyzed for accuracy. • A geometry-based correction method for aircraft tilt and sensor non-horizontality is described. • Airborne irradiance data accuracy was assessed via intercomparison flights with multiple aircraft/sensors. • Attitude corrections significantly impact geophysical product estimates (e.g., heating/cooling rates). • Recommendations for improved airborne irradiance measurements, notably flight plan strategy, are proposed. Aircraft are the best tool to measure irradiance (incoming radiant energy) at different levels within the atmosphere and locations. However, to ensure precise evaluation of geophysical parameters, such as atmospheric heating rates, from airborne irradiance measurements, corrections for aircraft motion and for the non-level sensor placement are needed. Combined airborne irradiance measurements from pyrgeometers and pyranometers, collected during two separate international campaigns, are used to evaluate a correction method for shortwave irradiance data. The impacts of various corrections on the data, including the manufacturer's correction and sensor response time are also discussed and illustrated. Intercomparison flights involving multiple aircraft and sensors are conducted to assess the accuracy of the sensor data and the effectiveness of our proposed correction. Our findings emphasize the critical role of these corrections in providing accurate vertical profiles of atmospheric heating/cooling rates derived from airborne irradiance measurements acquired during aircraft descents. Finally, some recommendations are proposed to enhance the use of airborne irradiance measurements, notably in terms of flight plan strategy.