Ameliorative Effects of Tannin Fractionate of Cyperus esculentus Tuber on Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Aims: Hepatoprotective activity of the tannin fraction of Cyperus esculentus was studied against lead-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups (A-D) (n=5). Group A was administered normal saline only. Groups B, C, and D were fed 30mg/kg body weight of lead. Additionally, groups C and D were administered with 50mg/kg body weight and 100mg/kg body weight of tannin fraction of Cyperus esculentus, respectively, orally for 28 days. The following day after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed under 50 mg/kg body weight of thiopental anaesthesia, and blood samples were obtained through the intra-cardiac puncture to assay the levels of liver enzymes [Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT)] and oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT)]. The liver of the rats was harvested, weighed, and fixed in 10% formol saline and sectioned for histological studies using hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Results showed that treatment with lead was associated with decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and increased MDA activities. Also observed is a significant increase in liver enzymes (AST and ALT) in the Lead-treated group. The histological result revealed alterations of hepatic structure, including hepatocytic vacuolations and sinusoidal congestion following lead treatment. Treatment with tannin fraction of Cyperus esculentus prevented and reversed lead-induced hepatic injury. Conclusion: Tannin fraction of Cyperus esculentus enhanced innate antioxidant activity and ameliorated the Lead-induced liver injury and can be used to protect against hepatotoxicity.