Data Sovereignty and National Security: Governance Challenges and Pathways in the Digital Age

In the digital age, data has become an integral part of national security, and the issue of data sovereignty is increasingly becoming a global focus. The intensification of global data flow and the rapid development of information technology present numerous challenges for countries in protecting their data, ensuring national security, and safeguarding economic interests. The maintenance of data sovereignty has become a part of international geopolitical competition. In response to these challenges, countries must strengthen their data governance frameworks, establish stringent data protection regulations, and promote international cooperation and coordination to ensure the security and controllability of data flow. This article analyzes the relationship between data sovereignty and national security in the digital age, explores the main dilemmas in data governance, and proposes pathways such as strengthening laws, technology, and international collaboration to enhance national security competitiveness in the global digital economy.