Legal Discourse and Challenges on Visa Exemption in Tourism Policy Framework of Indonesia

The formulation and implementation of the visit visa exemption (VVE) policy undoubtedly result in different issues related to its regulations, on-field execution, supervision, security levels, and potential legal loopholes leading to violations. Furthermore, the enforcement of existing regulations necessitates the involvement of policy implementers who require adequate human resources in the immigration field. Therefore, this research specifically and comprehensively examines and analyze the regulations of immigration, regarding the visit visa for foreigners. It also explores the implementation of these regulations and the impact of the VVE policy for foreign tourists concerning the role of the state in protecting and promoting the welfare of its citizens. This research uses legal factual, conceptual, and comparative approaches to generate insights into the VVE within the framework of tourism development based on considerations of security, policy, and economic interests. The results suggest the ability to exclude states from the list of VVE recipients based on low numbers of visits and extensive involvement in legal violations and crimes. Furthermore, the provision should be reconsidered for states that have not been declared free of specific diseases by the WHO and those supporting separatist movements within Indonesian territory.