Parallel Operation of Grid-Forming Converters based on Kuramoto Oscillators with Virtual Cable Emulation for Improved Power Sharing

This paper introduces an advanced power control architecture designed to optimize the performance of grid-forming converters operating in parallel by leveraging a Kuramoto oscillator. Central to the proposed framework is the novel concept of emulated virtual cable impedance with a high resistance-to-inductance ratio, which significantly enhances power sharing and coordination among multiple converters, ensuring balanced, stable, and efficient operation of parallel-connected converters. The architecture is further strengthened by an adaptive dynamic control loop, which ensures system stability and resilience, even under fluctuating load conditions and challenging grid disturbances. This novel concept can not only improve parallel converter operation but also improve converter synchronization, response to nonideal grid conditions, and overall system reliability. The proposed system has been thoroughly evaluated through comprehensive evaluation in MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS simulation environments, with extensive test cases demonstrating its superiority in managing parallel converter operations and delivering consistent power in complex and demanding grid scenarios.