Decentralized Interleaving of Series-Stacked DC-DC Converters via Extremum-Seeking Control

This paper introduces a fully decentralized solution for achieving optimal interleaving of series-stacked power converters based on distributed, module-level extremum-seeking controllers. This approach ensures switching-cycle-level synchronization, effectively minimizing switching ripple and significantly reducing the size of passive filters. The proposed control system is model-free, straightforward to design and implement, and offers continuous synchronization to mitigate clock drifts while also supporting asymmetric module operation. To guide system design, dynamic modeling is presented for a series-stacked architecture with two modules. The proposed approach is validated through simulations involving up to seven modules and by experiments with up to three modules.