Giant Cervico-Thoraco-Brachial Cystic Lymphatic Malformation in an Infant: Therapeutic Strategy

Cystic lymphatic malformations (CLMs) are rare benign congenital vascular malformations characterized by slow flow and composed of abnormal cystic dilations. The most widely used classification divides them into microcystic, macrocystic, and mixed lesions. Ultrasound is the preferred initial evaluation tool for CLMs due to its non-irradiating nature and accessibility. MRI is used to classify CLMs before considering therapeutic management. Biopsy and fine needle aspiration are rarely needed to diagnose CLMs. The progression of CLMs is marked by asymptomatic periods interspersed with painful inflammatory flare-ups. Surgical treatment remains the gold standard for managing these malformations. This paper reports our experience in treating a case of giant cervico-thoraco-brachial cystic lymphatic malformation in a 4-month-old infant.