Stages of physical rehabilitation in children with perinatal pathology of the central nervous system

Introduction. Phasing is the leading principle of medical rehabilitation, in which a sick child can receive a course of rehabilitation measures at all stages of medical care. The aim of the review is to determine the importance of physical rehabilitation in children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system (CNS). We have conducted a literature search on the topic in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, RSCI, search depth of 10 years. The main principles of medical rehabilitation in children with perinatal lesions of the CNS are: correction of developmental disorders, starting from an early age, the use of a complex of various non-medicinal technologies, regularity, continuity, as well as integration into the work of relatives of a sick child, which implies their involvement in a continuous rehabilitation process. The range of physical methods used at different stages of rehabilitation in children with perinatal pathology is quite wide and includes tactile and kinesthetic stimulation of palms and fingers, massage, therapeutic gymnastics, kinesotherapy, hydrokinesotherapy, physio­logical positioning, gymnastics according to the method of V. Voit, kinesiotaping, fitball gymnastics, and physiotherapy. The stage-by-stage nature of medical rehabilitation, the timeliness of rehabilitation care, its continuity in various institutions, following a single concept in motor rehabilitation, and an integrated approach based on the anatomical and functional features of the development in children with perinatal CNS damage are the basis for effective recovery and contribute to the realization in the child’s motor and intellectual potential.