Numerical Prediction of Critical Velocity and Spray Angle Windows for Particle Adhesion in Cold Spray Using Peridynamic Simulations

Abstract Numerical studies directly quantifying particle-substrate adhesion under different spray process parameters during impact remain scarce, primarily due to the lack of consideration for adhesion models. This study addresses this gap by investigating bonding behavior under varying spray conditions using a single-particle model with the PD numerical method, incorporating adhesion forces.