The Modal Particle "Le2" in the Three Domains of Action, Knowledge, and Speech in Longchuan Hakka Dialect

According to the theory of the three domains of action, knowledge, and speech, the modal particle "le2" at the end of Mandarin sentences can be classified into three types: "le of action" (le xing), indicating the emergence of a new action state; "le of knowledge" (le zhi), indicating the emergence of new knowledge; and "le of speech" (le yan), indicating the emergence of a new speech state.This paper investigates the "le2" in Longchuan dialect in detail by means of fieldwork, and compares the differences in pronunciation and paraphrase between Longchuan dialect and Mandarin "le2".