The Effect of Positioning Wind Turbines as Coolers on the Performance of Photovoltaic Systems

The escalating global energy demand necessitates innovative solutions to enhance the efficiency of renewable energy systems. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, while pivotal in solar energy conversion, suffers from reduced power output due to elevated operational temperatures. This study investigates the synergistic integration of PV panels with a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) to address thermal inefficiencies through optimized aerodynamic cooling. Experimental analysis has evaluated the impact of axial separation distances (5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm) between the PV surface and the VAWT on thermal regulation and energy performance. A solar simulator has provided controlled irradiance conditions, while airflow dynamics generated by the VAWT’s rotational motion have been systematically analyzed. Results have revealed a 10 cm inter-component gap maximized cooling efficacy, reducing PV temperature by 10.72 °C under standardized solar input. This configuration has concurrently augmented electrical output by 1.79 W and elevated system efficiency by 0.46%, attributable to the VAWT-induced laminar airflow distribution that has facilitated uniform heat dissipation across the PV surface. A comparative analysis of narrower (5 cm) and wider (15 cm) gaps has highlighted suboptimal turbulence and airflow stagnation, respectively, underscoring the criticality of geometric spacing in hybrid system design. The dual functionality of the VAWT, simultaneously generating auxiliary wind energy and mitigating PV thermal degradation, demonstrates a novel approach to multifunctional renewable energy systems. These findings advance the engineering paradigm for space-constrained applications, offering a scalable framework for urban or integrated renewable energy installations where concurrent space and efficiency optimization are paramount.