Understanding Hypothyroidism: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and a feeling of cold. While the diet's lack of iodine is the leading cause of hypothyroidism, Hashimoto thyroiditis occurs in places with sufficient iodine. Women are more likely to develop hypothyroidism, with family history, autoimmune disease, and previous thyroid issues adding to the increased risk. Blood tests measuring serum-free thyroxine levels and thyroid-stimulating hormones can diagnose the condition. High TSH and low FT4 levels usually indicate Hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment. Treatment usually lasts for a time, with regular follow-ups to adjust the medication, especially during stress, illness, and pregnancy.