Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review on Diagnostic Approaches, Treatment Modalities and Recent Advances

Abstract Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a type of chronic pain syndrome that can occur in muscles, fascia or other soft tissues and is often accompanied by emotional dysfunctions. It is characterised by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), which are hyperirritable painful spots in taut bands of skeletal muscles, and are linked to musculoskeletal pain disorders. MPS affects many individuals, but its prevalence is challenging to determine due to the lack of clearly defined diagnostic criteria. Some studies indicate that MPS is more common among young or middle-aged individuals who visit pain clinics, occurring in 30%–46% of cases. This article reviews recent advancements in the management of fibromyalgia, focusing on the available diagnostic and therapeutic options for MPS. Several databases were evaluated to consider the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of MPS.