Review of Carbon Fiber Based on Physical and Mechanical Properties in Vehicle Frame

This research aims to assess carbon fibre's physical and mechanical properties and potential use to improve vehicle efficiency. The main focus is to reduce vehicle weight, improve fuel efficiency, and lower carbon emissions. Carbon fibre has a tensile strength of more than 6 GPa, a modulus of elasticity of more than 600 GPa, and a density of 1.8-2.0 g/cm³. Its use in vehicles can reduce weight by 86%, improve fuel efficiency by 20%, and significantly reduce carbon emissions. The carbon fibre sandwich composite structure with an aluminium honeycomb core increases strength and reduces weight by 36%. Carbon fibre also improves the vehicle's rollover resistance by 64% and energy absorption by 60%. However, high manufacturing costs are a major challenge, with precursor materials such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) accounting for about 50% of the cost. Biomass-based alternatives, such as lignin and agricultural waste, can reduce costs, although they require further development. Research shows that integrating recycled carbon fibre in metal-polymer hybrid structures can reduce vehicle weight by 48% and improve structural performance. This research emphasizes the importance of manufacturing innovation and the exploration of alternative materials to maximize the utilization of carbon fibre.