Suicide Attempts Among Women Ages 18–55 Years with Opioid Use: National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program 2018–2020

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The opioid overdose crisis remains a public health concern, and rates of suicide with opioid involvement have increased. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To describe the prevalence of and factors associated with self-reported past 30-day suicide attempt or attempt "only when high or in withdrawal from alcohol or drugs" among reproductive-age women with past 30-day nonmedical prescription opioid use. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Estimates are reported among women 18-55 years from 338 locations in 35 states using 2018-2020 National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program data. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression identified prevalence of and factors associated with past 30-day suicide attempt and attempt "only when high or in withdrawal from alcohol or drugs." <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 10,095 women, 2.7% reported a past 30-day suicide attempt, and 1.5% reported an attempt "only when high or in withdrawal from alcohol or drugs." The largest magnitude of association for suicide attempt was extreme alcohol problem (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80-4.47), and the largest magnitude of association for attempt "only when high or in withdrawal from alcohol or drugs" was no stable living arrangement (aOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.78-3.98). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Comprehensive, upstream suicide prevention initiatives and substance use treatment can address factors associated with suicide attempt among reproductive-age women.