Enhancing Fault Tolerance and Resilience Against Coverage Holes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Hybrid Approach

Wireless Sensor Networks are the backbone of various monitoring applications, ranging from environmental sensing to industrial automation.However, coverage holes caused by sensor node failures compromise the network's reliability and effectiveness.To address this critical issue, this paper introduces a new approach to reinforces fault tolerance and resilience.The proposed approach namely random post deployment greedy algorithm (RPDG), integrates a novel random post-deployment algorithm (RPD) with a developed greedy algorithm (G) strategically designed to enhance network accuracy for heterogeneous wireless sensor network (WSN) coverage and node localization lifespan.This approach employs a scheduling mechanism that activates a subset of nodes for monitoring the region of interest while keeping another subset in a low-power state to conserve energy until complete coverage is achieved, thus preventing any coverage hole.The proposed approach ensures seamless monitoring coverage even in the face of challenging conditions and node failures.Simulation results confirm the efficacy of RPDG, demonstrating significant improvements in coverage accuracy, area monitoring efficiency, and network lifespan compared to conventional methods.The RPDG approach offers a promising solution to the challenges posed by coverage holes in WSNs, paving the way for more reliable and resilient monitoring systems across various applications.