Comparative Analysis of Indoor Air Quality Standards in Major Advanced Countries and South Korea: An Environmental Health Perspective

Background: South Korea's Indoor Air Quality Control Act is less strict in terms of pollutant limits, facility coverage, and enforcement compared to guidelines set by the WHO and certain major countries (EU, US, Japan).This study compares international standards in order to identify weaknesses in South Korea's system and propose improvements, such as stricter standards and improved protection for vulnerable populations.Objectives: To evaluate South Korea's air quality policies by comparing them with those of the WHO and advanced nations, highlighting limitations and suggesting ways to enhance regulations and safeguard public health. Methods:We compared indoor air quality standards across South Korea, the WHO, and other developed countries using research papers, international reports, guidelines, and legal texts.The analysis focused on pollutants including PM 10 , PM 2.5 , CO, NO 2 , HCHO, and Rn, along with regulatory strength and enforcement structures.Results: South Korea's standards are higher (weaker) than those set by the WHO for PM 10 (122.2%),PM 2.5 (233.3%),CO (14.5%), and Rn (48%), indicating potential health concerns.However, its NO 2 standards are comparable or stricter than WHO guidelines, showing South Korea's strengths in managing certain pollutants.Epidemiological studies suggest that for every 10 g/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 , lung cancer risk increases by approximately 8%, highlighting the importance of stringent standards. Conclusions:The study focuses on comparison of legal standards and offers limited insight into implementation.Future research should assess policy cost-effectiveness and long-term health impacts.