Risk Factors for Unplanned Early Implantable Port Catheter Removal in Adult Leukemia/Lymphoma Patients: Cancer Type or Different Degrees of Cytopenia?

(1) Background: Implantable port catheters are vital for cancer treatment, but complications such as infections and mechanical failures pose challenges. Lymphoma and leukemia patients' unique cellular abnormalities may influence these risks. This study aimed to determine whether the underlying disease or varying degrees of cytopenia increase the risk of unplanned early port removal. (2) Methods: We conducted a single institution retrospective study that included 368 patients with lymphoma or leukemia who received implantable venous access ports between January 2015 and December 2022. Propensity score matching was employed to compare patients with and without early removals. (3) Results: Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences between early and non-early port removal for cancer, hemoglobin, and PG-SGA scores. Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that leukemia patients exhibited a 4.5 times higher risk for unplanned early catheter removal than lymphoma patients did (HR 4.589, 95% CI 1.377-15.299, <i>p</i> = 0.013), while patients with normal nutrition, based on the PS-SGA, demonstrated a 75% lower risk of unplanned early catheter removal than those with any degree of malnutrition did (HR 0.258, 95% CI 0.116-0575, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Unplanned early catheter removal negatively impacted patient survival. (4) Conclusions: The type of cancer, rather than individual cytopenias, is an independent factor influencing clinical outcomes in lymphoma and leukemia patients.