Innovative Non-Pharmacological Therapies for SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Advances, Challenges and Future Directions

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated diverse therapeutic approaches, including drug-free therapies to complement pharmaceutical interventions. This review examines the current landscape, challenges and future perspectives of non-drug therapies for COVID-19. Critical approaches include oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, physical therapy, nutritional support, psychological support, hydration management and alternative therapies such as acupuncture and phototherapy. Despite their potential, these therapies face significant challenges, including disease variability, resource limitations, patient-specific factors, infection control issues and the need for robust clinical evidence. Future perspectives highlight the technological advancements such as telehealth, wearable devices and artificial intelligence; improved respiratory support systems; integrated multidisciplinary care; extensive public health initiatives; stringent clinical trials; personalized medicine; global health equity; mental health integration; lifestyle modifications and preparedness for future pandemics. Addressing these challenges and leveraging advancements will enhance the effectiveness and accessibility of drug-free therapies, improving patient outcomes and bolstering healthcare resilience against future pandemics.