FUNCTIONING OF FIELD PROTECTIVE FOREST BELTS IN UKRAINE

Global indicators of the last century confirm the trend of increasing air temperature by 0.74°C and this is one of the reasons of climate change.The consequences of rising temperatures are droughts, a shortened frost period, and a sharp increase in extreme climatic events. Research of the scientists confirms that an increase in the average annual air temperature by 1°C can cause a shift to the north of the latitudinal boundaries of the climatic zones within Ukraine by 160 km. Statistical data for 2018 have confirmed the trend of rapid acceleration of global warming. During 2011-2022, the average annual temperature ranged from 7.9 to 9.8 °C, depending on the year, which is 0.8-2.7 °C higher than the average multi-year temperature. The warmest years were 2019-2020, and the coolest was 2012. The analysis of the dynamics of the average annual temperature for 2011-2022 showed that from 2011 to 2020, an increase in the average annual temperature was observed from 8.2 to 9.8 °C. During the period from 2011 to 2022, the annual precipitation varied from the long-term average and ranged from 440 mm to 714 mm. The lowest precipitation was recorded in 2015, which was 162 mm less than the long-term average. The highest precipitation was observed in 2013, which was 112 mm more than the long-term average. Over the twelve analyzed years, the average annual precipitation was 595 mm, which was 7 mm less than the long-term average. The analysis of the results that led to climate change in Ukraine is of a dual nature. On the one hand, with an increase in the average temperature, the agro-resource factor increases, which contributes to the growth of the productivity of the agro-ecosystem. On the other hand, there is a constant increase in the frequency and duration of droughts in Ukraine, which were observed in the second millennium and threaten to reduce the productivity of agroecosystems. Scientists predict that global warming is irreversible, therefore the protection, preservation and reproduction of the system of field shelterbelts, which occupy a special place in the system of measures to adapt modern agriculture to changing climatic conditions, is of crucial importance. Field protective forest belts play a multifunctional role, which is confirmed by observations, the research, and practical activities. Therefore, today the preservation and creation of field protective forest belts is one of the effective areas in an integrated approach to the adaptation of agriculture and crop production to climate change.