Evaluation of Adjustment Effects of Highway Guide Signs Based on the TOPSIS Method

With the rapid expansion of highway networks, the demand for timely and reliable road information has steadily increased. However, some guide signs on newly built or extended highways in China have not been updated or adjusted in time, resulting in incomplete information and non-standard setups. These issues not only affect drivers’ navigation experience but may also negatively impact road safety and traffic efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a scientifically sound evaluation system and a comprehensive assessment model for highway guide signs. This study selected a representative highway (G2 Expressway in China) as the research subject and combined questionnaire surveys with field investigations to identify common issues such as vague information and irregular placement of guide signs. Through an in-depth analysis of travel demand, the core requirements of drivers were summarized as safety, efficiency, and comfort. Based on these insights, the study proposes four key design principles for guide signs: standardization, readability, continuity, and consistency. A set of quantifiable evaluation indicators was developed through a comprehensive analysis of key factors affecting signage performance, and factor analysis was applied to verify the independence and rationality of the indicators. On this basis, an evaluation model was constructed using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to scientifically quantify the effectiveness of guide signs. The model was applied in a field study on the Hebei section of the G2 Expressway in China (with comprehensive traffic sign coverage, high traffic volume, and more traffic sign issues), with results demonstrating the feasibility and practicality of the proposed evaluation system and model. This research offers a systematic solution to enhance the service quality of highway guide signs and provides essential references for future highway planning and management practices. It aims to comprehensively improve drivers’ travel experiences and promote the development of sustainable and intelligent transportation networks, offering valuable insights for building integrated urban systems.